Maintenance of the latent reservoir by pyroptosis and superinfection in a fractional order HIV transmission model

Ana R Carvalho; Carla M Pinto; João N Tavares

doi:10.11121/ijocta.01.2019.00643

Authors

Ana R Carvalho University of Porto http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-4836
Carla M Pinto School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-1133
João N Tavares Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-1500

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2019.00643

Keywords:

latent reservoir, pyropstosis, superinfection, HIV, fractional model

Abstract

We focus on the importance of pyroptosis and superinfection on the maintenance of the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latent reservoir on infected patients. The latent reservoir has
been found to be crucial to the persistence of low levels of viral loads found in HIV-infected patients,
after many years of successfully suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART). This reservoir seems to act
as an archive for strains of HIV no longer dominant in the blood, such as wild-type virus. When a
patient decides to quit therapy there is a rapid turnover and the wild-type virus re-emerges. Thus, it
is extremely important to understand the mechanisms behind the maintenance of this reservoir. For
that, we propose a fractional order model for the dynamics of HIV, where pyroptosis and superinfection
are considered. The model is simulated for biological meaningful parameters and interesting patterns
are found. Our results are interpreted for clinical appreciation.

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Author Biographies

Ana R Carvalho, University of Porto

Ana R.M. Carvalho is a Doctor in Mathematics
since May 2018. Her current research interests
comprise the development of mathematical
models for epidemiology. She has more than
20 papers published in international journals and
conferences. Her h-index is 9 and the i-index is
8. http: // orcid. org/ 0000-0002-4914-4836

Carla M Pinto, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto

C.M.A. Pinto is an Adjunct Professor
of the School of Engineering of the Polytechnic
of Porto. She is a Doctor in Mathematics
since 2004. Her research interests involve:
the study of integer-order and fractional order
models, using bifurcation theory, stability theory,
numerical simulations. Applications: epidemiology,
robotics, engineering. She has published
original research in several high impact
international journals and international conferences.
She is Associate Editor of International
Journals, has been member of the Scientific
Committee and of the International Program
Committee of several international conferences,
chair of sessions at international conferences.
She has more than 799 citations. Her
h-index is 15 and the i-index is 20. More at:
https: // orcid. org/ 0000-0002-0729-1133,
https: // www. researchgate. net/ profile/
Carla_ Pinto4 https: // scholar. google.
pt/ citations? hl= en& user= Aw39XwEAAAAJ&
view_ op= list_ works& sortby= pubdate

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